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Bota

Climate change, experts raise the alarm: Mediterranean in danger

Climate change, experts raise the alarm: Mediterranean in danger

Heatwave can bring dramatic changes to fauna and flora, causing 'species migration' to cooler waters

A "major marine heat wave" has hit the western Mediterranean since late May, with temperatures "exceptionally" hot, 4°C to 5°C above normal and threatening marine ecosystems, according to Mediterranean climate change experts .

This major marine heat wave began in late May in the Ligurian Sea between Italy and northern Corsica and then in June continued in the Gulf of Taranto in southeastern Italy, Carina von Schuckmann, German oceanographer at Mercator Océan International.

The non-profit organization based in Toulouse includes the main oceanographic institutes of France, Italy, Spain, Britain and Norway and runs the European ocean monitoring service, the Copernicus Maritime Service (CMEMS).

In July, "from the Balearic Sea (Spain) to Sardinia (Italy), as well as to the east of Corsica and the entire Tyrrhenian Sea, extremely high temperature values ??between 28°C and 30°C are observed on the surface, higher than normal, of the order of +4°C to +5°C", according to Mercator Océan International.

If for bathing in these seas, one of the main tourist destinations in the world, these temperatures are pleasant, for scientists and environmentalists they are worrying.

This sea heat wave could bring about dramatic changes in fauna and flora, causing "species migration" to less warm waters, mass species mortality or the decline of some species and the emergence of new species, warns Karina von Schuckmann , who is also one of the report editors. of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, GIEC).

And all these changes will have socio-economic consequences, mainly in the fishing sector, warns the expert.

Giant jellyfish

"In the Mediterranean, following the episodes of oceanic heat waves in 1999, 2003 and 2006, there were many cases of mass mortality of species such as Poseidonia," according to a report by the National Center de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) published in 2020.

For Charles-Francois Bouduresque, professor of Marine Ecology at the University of Aix-Marseille, the consequences of the sea heat are being studied, but predictions lead to a mass extinction "complete or partial" of posidonia and red corals.

Fish such as the colorful barracuda, which have started to breed from the south to the north of the Mediterranean, are also at risk of increasing their populations in the western Mediterranean.

“Llojet me origjinë nga Deti i Kuq, që hynë në Mesdheun lindor përmes Kanalit të Suezit” po i afrohen gjithashtu brigjeve franceze dhe një prej këtyre specieve ka të ngjarë të jenë problem pas pesë deri në dhjetë vitesh, kandili i detit gjigant “Rhopilema”.

Valët e të nxehtit të oqeanit tashmë janë ‘dyfishuar në frekuencë që nga vitet 1980’, sipas raportit të Panelit Ndërqeveritar të OKB-së për Ndryshimet Klimatike në gusht 2021.

Midis 2015 dhe 2019, “Mesdheu ka përjetuar pesë vite radhazi zhdukje masive të specieve” për shkak të valëve të nxehtësisë detare, theksohet gjithashtu një artikull në revistën shkencore Global Change Biology (18 korrik).

"At least since 2003, these waves have become systematic and in the future they will have a longer duration, occupy a larger area in the sea and be more intense and serious", putting to the test large a precious sea in terms of biodiversity, warns Karina von Shukman.

Although the Mediterranean Sea covers less than 1% of the planet's ocean surface, it is home to 18% of all known marine species and the largest proportion of marine ecosystems in Europe, the Climate Change Experts Network report points out Mediterranean (Medecc)

 

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